Hiram Wesley Evans (September 26, 1881 – September 14, 1966) was Imperial Wizard of the "second" Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as The Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present right-wing organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy and nationalism. The current manifestation is splintered into several chapters and is widely considered to be from 1922 until 1939. Evans succeeded William Joseph Simmons in the position of the Imperial Wizard in November 1922. Simmons was at the same time elected Emperor for life.[1]

Contents

Biography

He was born on September 26, 1881, in Ashland, Alabama, to Hiram Martin Evans and Georgia Ann Striplin, who were of Welsh Bretons, Cornish, Manx, Scottish, Ulster-Scots, Irish descent. He studied dentistry Dentistry, which is a part of stomatology, is the branch of medicine that is involved in the evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and surgical or non-surgical treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. Dentistry is widely at Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt University is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1873, the university is named for shipping and rail magnate "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt, who provided Vanderbilt its initial $1 million endowment despite having never been to the South. The Commodore hoped that his gift and the but did not get a degree. Evans later worked as a dentist in Dallas Dallas , with a population of 1.2 million is the third-largest city in Texas and the eighth-largest in the United States. The city is the primary economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6.4 million as of July 2009. The, Texas, until 1920. In the same year, he joined the Klan.

The second Klan was established by failed minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, or Methodist Episcopal Church South, was the so-called "Southern Methodist Church" resulting from the split over the issue of slavery in the Methodist Episcopal Church which had been brewing over several years until it came out into the open at a conference held in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1844 William J. Simmons in 1915 on Stone Mountain Stone Mountain is a quartz monzonite dome monadnock in Stone Mountain, Georgia. At its summit, the elevation is 1,686 feet amsl and 825 feet (251.5 m) above the surrounding area. Stone Mountain granite extends underground 9 miles (14 km) at its longest point into Gwinnett County. Numerous reference books and Georgia literature have dubbed Stone near Atlanta Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia, Georgia Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina; on the west by Alabama and by Florida in the south; and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the vast Appalachian Mountains system. The central piedmont. The first Ku Klux Klan (1865-1869) existed to oppose Reconstruction In the history of the United States, the Reconstruction era has two definitions, the first in reference to the entire nation in the period 1865-1877 following the Civil War, and the second to the transformation of the Southern United States from 1863 to 1877, with the reconstruction of state and society in the former Confederacy and the addition and maintain white control over former slaves in the regions of the former Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America was the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S. The CSA's de facto control over its claimed territory varied during the course of the American Civil War, depending on the success of its military in battle.

The second Klan was also anti-black African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry, but it had a much wider agenda than the first. A nativist Nativism favors the interests of certain established inhabitants of an area or nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants. It may also include the re-establishment or perpetuation of such individuals or their culture group, it was anti-Roman Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with more than a billion members. The Church's leader is the Pope who holds supreme authority in concert with the College of Bishops of which he is the head. A communion of the Western church and 22 autonomous Eastern Catholic churches (called, anti-Semitic Antisemitism is prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their ethnic background, culture, and/or religion. In its extreme form, it "attributes to the Jews an exceptional position among all other civilizations, defames them as an inferior group and denies their being part of the nation[s]" in which they, anti-immigrant American immigration refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of American history. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, economic benefits, jobs for non -immigrants,, anti-labor union A trade union or labor union (American English) is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts (collective bargaining) with, and anti-communist Anti-communism is opposition to communism. Organized anti-communism developed in reaction to the rise of communism, especially after the October Revolution brought the communist Bolsheviks to power in Russia in 1917. It was also supportive of the temperance movement A temperance movement is a social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements may criticize excessive alcohol use, promote complete abstinence, or pressure the government to enact anti-alcohol legislation and alcohol prohibition In the history of the United States, Prohibition, also known as The Noble Experiment, was the period from 1920 to 1933, during which the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol for consumption were banned nationally as mandated in the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which it pledged to enforce.[citation needed]

"Though men and women drop from the ranks they remain with us in purpose, and can be depended on fully in any crisis. Also, there are millions who have never joined, but who think and feel and -- when called on -- fight with us. This is our real strength, and no one who ignores it can hope to understand America today." – Hiram Wesley Evans[2]

The era of Evans' leadership of the Klan saw internal struggle, rapid growth of membership, and eventually rapid decline. After 1922, Simmons' and Evans' factions struggled for power and the organization's money. This internal conflict was often making the news across the country. The newspapers also focused on the Klan-produced violence, thus hurting its image nationwide. Amidst the negative press, Evans decided to show strength of the Klan and organized the largest parade of Klansmen ever. Some 40,000 Knights of the Ku Klux Klan paraded down Pennsylvania Avenue Pennsylvania Avenue is a street in Washington, D.C. known for joining the White House and the United States Capitol. Called "America's Main Street", it is the location of official parades and processions, as well as protest marches. Moreover, Pennsylvania Avenue is an important commuter route and is part of the National Highway System in Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the Territory of Columbia until an act of Congress in 1871 effectively merged the City and the, in August 1925.[3][4] At its peak in the mid-1920s, the organization included about 15% of the nation's eligible population, approximately 4–5 million men.[5][6] In September 1926, Evans tried to repeat the parade but many fewer marchers arrived compared to 1925. Evans was a Mason Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation that arose from obscure origins in the late 16th to early 17th century. Freemasonry now exists in various forms all over the world, with a membership estimated at around six million, including approximately 150,000 in Scotland and Ireland, over a quarter of a million under the Jurisdiction of the United who boasted of having helped re-elect The United States presidential election of 1924 was won by incumbent President Calvin Coolidge, the Republican candidate. Coolidge became president in 1923 following the death of then-incumbent president, Warren G. Harding. Coolidge was given credit for a booming economy at home and no visible crises abroad. He was aided by a split within the Calvin Coolidge John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His actions during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight. Soon after, he was as President of the United States The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States, of having secured passage of strict anti-immigration laws and of having checked the ambitions of Roman Catholics and others intent on "perverting" the nation.[3]

In 1942, he was put on trial for conspiracy, which ended in a mistrial.[7]

Death

He died on September 14, 1966, in Atlanta, Georgia Atlanta is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia.

Legacy

More negative press, reports of Klan's violence and attention of politicians led to flight of many members. During the Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. In the 21st of 1930s the membership shrunk further to an estimated 30,000.[6] Evans was succeeded as the Imperial Wizard by James A. Colescott. He left him the Klan much weakened, compared to the situation when he began his leadership.

Publications

References

  1. ^ "Klan Makes Simmons Emperor For Life. Dr. H.W. Evans of Dallas Is the New Imperial Wizard. Clarke Imperial Giant.". The New York Times The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. Although it remains both the largest local metropolitan newspaper in the United States as well as third largest overall behind The Wall Street Journal and USA Today, the weekday circulation of the paper has fallen precipitously in. November 29, 1922. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=980CEFDF1F3EEE3ABC4151DFB7678389639EDE. "Colonel William Joseph Simmons, formerly Imperial Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was elected "Emperor" for life, a new position in the order, at today's session of the Imperial Klanvokation here."
  2. ^ Evans, Hiram Wesley (March-April-May 1926). "The Klan's Fight for Americanism". The North American Review.
  3. ^ a b A special report prepared by the Southern Poverty Law Center The Southern Poverty Law Center is an American legal advocacy organization, internationally known for its tolerance education programs, its legal victories against white supremacists and its tracking of hate groups. "A Hundred Years of Terror". Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis is an urban shared campus of Indiana University and Purdue University in Indianapolis, Indiana. Indiana University is the managing partner. IUPUI offers undergraduate, graduate and professional degrees from both universities. http://www.iupui.edu/~aao/kkk.html.
  4. ^ "Procession". Time (magazine) Time is an American news magazine. A European edition (Time Europe, formerly known as Time Atlantic) is published from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (Time Asia) is based in Hong Kong. As of 2009, Time no longer publishes a Canadian advertiser edition. The South Pacific edition,. August 17, 1925. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,720745,00.html. "Hiram Wesley Evans, Imperial Wizard, resplendent in purple and gold, smiled and bowed hat in hand as he proudly led some 30,000 to 50,000 Klansmen and Klanswomen down Pennsylvania Avenue from the Capitol to the Treasury."
  5. ^ According to the 1920 census, the population of white males 18 years and older was about 31 million, but many of these men would have been ineligible for membership because they were immigrants, Jews, or Roman Catholics.
  6. ^ a b "The Ku Klux Klan, a brief biography". The African American Registry. http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/2207/The_Ku_Klux_Klan_a_brief__biography.
  7. ^ "Mistrial Is Declared In Evans Conspiracy Case". Christian Science Monitor The Christian Science Monitor is an international newspaper published daily online, Monday through Friday, and weekly in print. It was started in 1908 by Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of the Church of Christ, Scientist. As of 2009, the print circulation was 67,703. June 13, 1942. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/csmonitor_historic/access/278312652.html?dids=278312652:278312652&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Jun+13%2C+1942&author=&pub=Christian+Science+Monitor&desc=Mistrial+Is+Declared+In+Evans+Conspiracy+Case&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-02-11. "A mistrial was declared yesterday in the case of Hiram Wesley Evans, former national chief of the Ku Klux Klan, who was charged with conspiracy to defraud the State of Georgia."

References

Preceded by William Joseph Simmons Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as The Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present right-wing organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy and nationalism. The current manifestation is splintered into several chapters and is widely considered to be 1922-1939 Succeeded by James A. Colescott
Awards and achievements
Preceded by Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939. He issued numerous encyclicals including Quadragesimo Anno highlighting capitalistic greed of international finance, social justice Cover of Time Magazine 23 June 1924 Succeeded by William Howard Taft William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. He is the only person to have served in both offices

Categories: 1881 births | 1966 deaths | Ku Klux Klan members | People from Clay County, Alabama | American dentists

 

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